Conclusion
Savings
and loan activities can play a critical role in bringing communities
together, helping them to address their needs in a very practical way
but also bringing about political change within the community itself.
Experiences in many countries including Thailand have shown that
savings and loan groups tend to come together to pool their resources
into larger and more flexible funds and receive support from those doing
similar activities. These
networks add greatly to activities.
They open up community processes to checking and
cross-referencing, they also draw together groups facing similar
problems such as a lack of land tenure or those working in the same
trade.
In
order to further these initiatives, it is important to set up some kind
of Urban Poor Fund to directly support large-scale improvements in urban
poor housing and related development processes.
The experiences with UCDO in Thailand in organizing the Urban
Poor Fund through community saving and loan activities in a national
scale have shown that the existence of such a revolving fund is
significant and beneficial to urban poor development.
The revolving fund also serves to blend the formal economic and
financial system to the poor people’s saving and loan groups so that
large-scale community processes can develop that correspond to the
diverse needs and process of the urban poor groups.
The Fund provides access to immediate and much-needed credit for
community groups. At the
same time, it draws together the process and links various community
development processes in different ways. It is also important to be highly participatory by
communities at all level of the Fund management.
In this way, the perspective of the users can influence terms and
conditions of lending, helping to ensure it is appropriate, deepening
the relationships between the Fund managers and community members, and
increasing the analytical capacities of the leaders themselves.
Over
the past two years, savings and loan groups in Thailand have had an
opportunity to link to two government economic aid programmes for the
urban poor. Both the
Miyazawa and the Social Investment Fund have been instituted to assist
communities to overcome the effects of the financial crises.
Both started using traditional strategies such as asking for
applications from those in need.
The community savings and loan networks offered them a chance
to change this practice. Rather
than asking the poor to bid against each other, working with the UCDO,
the Funds agreed to identify the poor communities themselves and ask
them to put together a plan for how the funds could be used to most
effect. In less than a
year, 61 networks had made proposals.
The
approval processes have been set up in a way that means approval is
virtually automatic as long as the plannng process suggested by the
networks have been used. These
planning processes are designed to provide checks and balances to
ensure that the projects are reasonable and efficient.
Moreover, by requiring consultation with other networks, they
ensure that learning takes place and that links between networks are
reinforced. In the case
of just the Miyazawa Fund alone, the results have been impressive.
The savings and loan groups associated with UCDO received just
0.5 per cent of the total funds, 250 million Baht.
In just 18 months support had been given to 141 groups
involving 100, 689 households. And
this support was integrated with existing loan capital, helping groups
come to terms with the problems in their groups, strengthen their
local management and savings capacity, address debt and loan default
and prepare themselves for further development activities.