Community Savings and Credit

Strategies that Work for the Poor

Section  6     Diana Miltlin

       Conclusion

Savings and loan activities can play a critical role in bringing communities together, helping them to address their needs in a very practical way but also bringing about political change within the community itself.  Experiences in many countries including Thailand have shown that savings and loan groups tend to come together to pool their resources into larger and more flexible funds and receive support from those doing similar activities.  These networks add greatly to activities.  They open up community processes to checking and cross-referencing, they also draw together groups facing similar problems such as a lack of land tenure or those working in the same trade.

 In order to further these initiatives, it is important to set up some kind of Urban Poor Fund to directly support large-scale improvements in urban poor housing and related development processes.  The experiences with UCDO in Thailand in organizing the Urban Poor Fund through community saving and loan activities in a national scale have shown that the existence of such a revolving fund is significant and beneficial to urban poor development.  The revolving fund also serves to blend the formal economic and financial system to the poor people’s saving and loan groups so that large-scale community processes can develop that correspond to the diverse needs and process of the urban poor groups.  The Fund provides access to immediate and much-needed credit for community groups.  At the same time, it draws together the process and links various community development processes in different ways.  It is also important to be highly participatory by communities at all level of the Fund management.  In this way, the perspective of the users can influence terms and conditions of lending, helping to ensure it is appropriate, deepening the relationships between the Fund managers and community members, and increasing the analytical capacities of the leaders themselves.

Over the past two years, savings and loan groups in Thailand have had an opportunity to link to two government economic aid programmes for the urban poor.  Both the Miyazawa and the Social Investment Fund have been instituted to assist communities to overcome the effects of the financial crises.   Both started using traditional strategies such as asking for applications from those in need.  The community savings and loan networks offered them a chance to change this practice.  Rather than asking the poor to bid against each other, working with the UCDO, the Funds agreed to identify the poor communities themselves and ask them to put together a plan for how the funds could be used to most effect.  In less than a year, 61 networks had made proposals. 

 The approval processes have been set up in a way that means approval is virtually automatic as long as the plannng process suggested by the networks have been used.   These planning processes are designed to provide checks and balances to ensure that the projects are reasonable and efficient.   Moreover, by requiring consultation with other networks, they ensure that learning takes place and that links between networks are reinforced.  In the case of just the Miyazawa Fund alone, the results have been impressive.  The savings and loan groups associated with UCDO received just 0.5 per cent of the total funds, 250 million Baht.  In just 18 months support had been given to 141 groups involving 100, 689 households.  And this support was integrated with existing loan capital, helping groups come to terms with the problems in their groups, strengthen their local management and savings capacity, address debt and loan default and prepare themselves for further development activities. 

 
     Introduction
     Why Savings and Loans  
    
Credit for Housing   
 
  The community process  tools and clues
     The Asian Crisis as an Opportunity  
    Conclusion   you are here

This article is written by
DIANA  MITLIN

in collaboration with many of the Savings schemes in Slum Dwellers International and ACHR.
The final article is forthcoming in the journal

Environment and Urbanization  Vol. 13.2

available from IIED UK
The whole issue is on SDI and ACHR